Monday, July 7, 2008

Heart Disease: Shortness of Breath-The New Heart Sign

Friday, December 16, 2005

Shortness of Breath-The New Heart Sign
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A study that appeared in the November 3rd edition of the New England Journal of Medicine indicates that shortness of breath may be a warning sign of heart disease. Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center determined that individuals who are not aware of having heart disease, but who develop shortness of breath, are four times more likely to die from a heart disease related cause than individuals without any symptoms.

Researchers hope that by identifying shortness of breath as a possible indicator of heart problems, they will encourage those who have risk factors for heart disease to talk to their health care providers sooner. According to Daniel Berman, M.D., senior author of the study, "Patients often do not interpret shortness of breath as a serious symptom, but particularly in patients who have cardiac risk factors and in patients without lung disease, it may be the only sign of the presence of serious coronary artery disease."

If one is looking for shortness of breath as a possible sign of heart disease, it may lead them to their provider sooner. This could lead to earlier identification of heart disease, which would allow it to be treated before the first heart attack occurs. This is an especially important message for women, who often have shortness of breath or fatigue as presenting signs of a heart problem. Another blogger, Dr. Helen, has a great story about the signs that a woman has heart disease. It's her personal story of having a heart attack at age 37, and some of the women at my WebMD message board will totally relate!

Ladies (and gentlemen) with shortness of breath, take this sign seriously! Talk with your health care provider about your risk for developing heart disease, and if you're short of breath, report it. Early identification and intervention could save your life!

Laurie

Related Topics: Women and Heart Disease, Diabetes More Dangerous for Women's Hearts


Posted by: Laurie Anderson, RNP at 1:11 AM

66 Comments:

Anonymous Anonymous said...

Thank you for this article. I have had shortness of breath for several years, getting progressively worse. My HMO doctor keeps saying shortness of breath is not heart related. I have made him a copy of your article. He also said for over 5 years the pains I have in my heart area are not related, turns out I have a racing heart and arthimia, and it skips beats...but it had to get worse before he sent me to a heart specialist. Thank you for helping JQ Public to stay abreast of the latest and having somewhere to turn to share communication with our doctors.

2:06 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

After jogging for several years I noticed a shortness of breath developing slowly over a six month period. Thought it was because I wasn’t working out enough so I started jogging twice a day.

After a month of no improvement I went to my HMO and told the doctor I think I have developed asthma. Turns out I had 4 blocked arteries that required a quadruple bypass.

That happened ten years ago. I am still jogging everyday and watching for any signs of shortness of breath.

3:42 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

I was having some angina pains but nothing really bad. Had tests run and as a result my heart arteries were seriously blocked. I had 6 bypass surgery 2 years ago.

My shortness of breath did not appear until after the surgery. I am very short of breath and the doctor ran a lung/breathing test in his office and found I was 80% short of breath. He said not enough for medication, unless it gets worse.

My concern now is that my shortness of breath especially after the heart surgery may be related to my heart.

I workout 3 times a week at our fitness center and the shortness of breath has not gotten any worse. I keep hoping to see some improvement, but still I worry.

Thanks for your article.

4:51 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

At times I will walk 50 feet or climb a set of stairs and I will have shortness of breath and diziness. If I pause for a minute it passes and I can go on. Have had every test and the doctors can not find the cause or cure.

5:54 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

It's a good thing we have access to sites like this. It's too bad I didn't have a computer 8 years ago. I had shortness of breath, was gaining weight, and vomiting all day long, worse than morning sickness. The doctors kept telling me it was my stomach or something else. This went on for FOUR months. I came very close to dying because they didn't recognize the signs. Yes I went to the doctor at least twice a week. I was diagnosed with CHF and cardiomyopathy. Women especially, need to remember that our symtoms are not the same as mens. VOMITING AND SHORTNESS OF BREATH will kill us if we are not persistant with the doctors.

9:49 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Shortness of breath is common for me as several times a day this occurs. However, just my stopping whatever is causing the shortness of breath has me breathing regularly again. I had colon cancer 5 years ago and comparing this today to the symptons that I experienced then are different. I am 62 and I just pace myself and the shortness of breath goes away.

10:06 AM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

There may be some truth to your research. I have known people with heart problems that experience shortness of breath. It usually happens when the person is physically active such as going up the stairs, running to catch the bus, carrying groceries, etc. In other words, the person is easily exerted without reasonable cause.

10:14 AM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Shortness of breath may be 1 problem associated with this disease, but they have to be ganged with other symptons.

7:03 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

I have been getting short of breath for the pass two weeks everyday.feel like i'm not getting enough air.

8:56 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

I have a shortness of breath mostly when walking and talking. I can actually be on the phone and the person on the other end says "You sound like your runnning" I am in fairly decent shape (could be better) for a 38 year old well that is what I am told. My doctor says Im in good shape, and my physical this year came back great. I dont know what can be causing the shortness when walking, b/c Im great if I run or workout.

10:43 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

I am 37-yrs old and I've gained 20lbs in the last 2 yrs. I am concerned about my shortness of breath ocurring immediately as I lay down. My shortness of breath it is also accompanied with a dry cough. This only goes on for a short while then it goes away.

10:52 AM
Blogger Tabitha said...

I've had this shortness of breath and heart skipping beats lots. I used to have iron deficiency anemia.so I've had moments when I have blacked out. but my blood count is normal and I don't have a normal period but at least I'm not bleeding to death. I've had chest pains, once so bad at work a year ago I went to the emergency room I was there so long I felt better and the doctor pretty much didn't believe me with skeptic looks and she seemed sure it was indigestion what with me being in my late 20s. I was already uncomfortable with doctors but she made it worst. I haven't been since evan though the irregular beats are getting worse.

10:57 PM
Blogger Duke said...

Is shortness of breath and not being able to catch your breath the samething ? I have been having problems "catching my breath" for a few days now. It really wears on you.

Duke

3:55 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

GREAT INFO. I HAVE HAD A HEART CONDITION SINCE 1987; 2 ANGIOS AND ONE BYPASS ABOUT 3 YEARS AGO. I DID NOT EVEN REALIZE I HAD CHF TIL LAST WEEK. CARDIOLOGIST SAYS I HAVE IT SINCE 2004. FUNNY I WAS NOT AWARE OF THE FACT. MAYBE HE DID NOT EXPLAIN IT WELL ENOUGH THEN. NOW I KNOW THAT MY DRY COUGH IS THE PRODUCT OF FLUID AROUND THE HEART AND SIDE EFFECT OF THE RX
AVASTRO (SPELLING) WHICH PRODUCES DRY COUGH AS SIDE EFFECT.

8:03 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

I run two miles five days a week and I ahve occasionally had shortness ob breath.I am 58 years od and I have passed a stress test abd echocardiogram.Is there any danger for someone my age running early morning 5:AM or is it better to run later in day?

Thanks

12:48 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

I have shortness of breath for at least 2 years. I have had Lung surgery and they don't know what caused that problem. I also have been to a heart doctor with the general test they so often give. My shortness of breath is still a big concern of mine. If anyone has an answer please let me know. thanks
Big Guy

5:00 PM
Blogger elma said...

For 3 years I've had skipping/irregular hearth beats, where they feel so strong as if my heart pops out of my chest.Then after a few seconds it's gone. Two nights ago I woke up gasping for air, with a strong dry cough.Do I have a hearth disease?

11:35 PM
Blogger WebMD Blog Admin said...

To Elma and anyone else seeking answers, please be sure to pursue them with your doctor(s). In the meantime, you can post any questions to our Heart Failure/Heart Disease:
Laurie Anderson, MSN, FNP
message board.

12:00 AM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

I'm glad to see articles like this. I too have problems during the day and night with shortness of breath..also, my heart races so fast at times, you can see it beat thru my clothing. Sometimes it starts and just in a flash it is gone. My appointment is tomorrow with a doctor to help me deal with this and find out what is going on. I can only hope I didn't wait too long.

2:29 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

I was treated at the Hospital for shortness of Breath and I also had an irregular heartbeat and reading this article I am going to call my doctor.

9:52 AM
Anonymous Maria said...

I was taken to the ER early on Memorial Day.
I could hardly breathe, it was like there was an elephant sitting on my chest, and I was feeling very tired.
A whole battery of test were done, I was kept overnight for observation, received a breathing treatment (albuterol and a saline solution), which was great, it appeared I also had some bronchitis;all kind of bloodtests, urine test.
By the end of Tuesday I was suddenly released and told my heart was OK, I do have an irregular heartbeat at times, but nothing serious, and all I had was an anxiety attack.
I am still puzzled with that diagnosis: I still have shortness of breath, especially when I do anything physical.
I called my primary care doctor and was told I had pvc, which cannot be treated, and may go away as suddenly as it appeared.
I am still puzzled, I really want to know what is going on.
Even before the "attack" I was going to have some tests done because at times I aws short of breath, getting easily tired, felt like there was a rock in the pit of my stomach, sometimes had a very uncomfortable feeling going up the sides of my neck to my jaws, sometimes even salivating like preparing to vomit.
It is like I cannot get a satisfactory answer from the hospital cardiologist, physician ot my own physician.
Any doctor out there who can shed some light here?
Thank you.

8:27 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Here's one for you... I am 33, I have asthma, but I have had shortness of breath for about 3 weeks, now, and I know the difference between my asthma and something else. Well, I go to my doctor and he says its anxiety, well, he gave me xanax (I am already taking prozac) and guess what still shortness of breath, it is affecting my life, I havent been to work in a week, because when I am there it is worse, I could just be sitting at my desk and all of a sudden try to take a deep breath through my mouth and cant, its like its stopped, but if I breathe through my nose sometimes I can take a deep breath... My doctor just thinks its anxiety, I go back to him on July 2, I even stopped smoking and I still have had this

7:26 AM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

I just had gall bladder surgery. I had the simple procedure. I had extremely nausa and pain afterwards. It eventually left. But now I have shortness of breath.Sometimes from going up the stairs or just walking from one room to another. It got worst the day I drove to my doctor's to get my stiches out. I mentioned this to the surgeron. He checked my heart out with a stethascope. He said I sounded just fine. He said to call my internal medicine doctor if I didn't feel better. I have had 2 stress tests in the last 4 years, negative for heart disease. It has been quite humid here lately and that hasn't helped going outside. Inside I run the airconditioning and fans to be able to catch my breath. I am calling my internal med. doc. today.
Linda from Ohio

6:51 AM
Blogger Brnwynn said...

Shortness of breath after surgery.
No reason for it. Had bronchitis after a bad cold 2 years ago, went to er and had breathing treatments.No problem since now.
Calling internal med. doc. today because breathing hasn't improved. 1 week from surgery.
B from Ohio.

6:56 AM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Well this comment was very interesting to me. I am 24 years old and a wife and mother of 3 children. I have been experiancing shortness of breath for a while now. A couple years ago I went to the doctor and they said it was Anxiety and tried to put me on meds and it just got worse then it kinda got better and then now it is bad worse than ever and I can't get a deep breath at all and my heart skips beats all the time. I guess I should go see my doctor. thanks for the info

5:26 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

When my daughter was a couple weeks old her breathing seemed fast and a little off from my previous children, but I just chalked it up to her being smaller than my other two daughters. But after a week or so it seemed that she was trying to hard to get the oxygen she needed. So we were sent to a cardiologist and that same day flown up to Childrens Mercy Hospital because they had not like what they had seen. Needless to say she has multiple heart problems with no cause why except to term it all as heart disease. Her weight is now starting to rise and surgery is in a year or so. If I had not worried about the breathing, I could have lost my baby.

1:55 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

I am having a very hard time breathing in the past few weeks, i don't know what to do, i don't have health insurance because i cannot afford it, but i would love some advice on what i should do next.......very sad

1:59 AM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Thank you for this information. Please share this with the medical profession. I have many clients come to my office as a lawyer -- who were ignored by their physician. The Medical Profession is good at helping patients after they are aflicted with serious heart problems but poor at seeing the telltale signs well in advance.

10:27 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

I feel your pain ladies. I am 20 years old used to be a competitive cheerleader and horse back rider. In April i was taken to the ER because i turned blue and wasnt able to communicate. They told me i was "stressed out" and it was "anxiety". In june my heart started skipping and hurt so badly that i would stop and brace myself (only when excercisin). I had a stress test which was supossedly normal and was sent on my way. Then in august i started passing out. I thought i wasnt eating enough so i upped my meals to 4-6 and had plenty of water. It took me passing out 3 times in one day to get in to see the doctor and now i am going in for weekly CT scans, EEG, MRI, 6 hour GTT, and holster monitor for 2 weeks. I am 20 i cannot fathom why this is happening and my doctor can seem to either. Has anyone heard of anythign like this? I am not on any medications, dont smoke, dont drink, dont do drugs, and was utherwise healthy until april 07. Now i am exhuasted constantly, pass out 1-4x a week, andhave skipped beats any time i try to work out. My blood pressure used to be 115/75 it is now 90/40??? I weigh 116 and am 5'2"...i am also adopted so i dont know any family history. any help??

11:39 PM
Anonymous LuLu said...

I am in my early 30th, not over weight, I had rapid heart beat for about 3 years, but my blood pressure is normal, I had under stress EKG test, heart ultra sound, loop test (heart monitor unit that you can carry with you)for 2 weeks, all 3 tests were normal, and I am getting tilt table test next week, hope that the doctor will find the problem this time, does anyone have the same problem like me? I feel normal as long I don't do heavy activities like work out. some times I think maybe I am out of shape for not working out for the last 10 years, so I tried to signed up for the gym, the trainer asked me to check my heart rate, it was like 103 just sitting down, so he was affaid that I might faint, and he didn't want to train me. so I canceled it.

in September this year, I had failed down from 2nd floor, because I was dizzy, and felt weak on my left leg, and black out for a few second. got laceration on my lip/chin area, chipped teeth, end up with root canal. I can't wait to find out what is causing it, I do noticed that when the doctor injected some pain med in the IV, it made my heart go fast, and once when I had bad dream, woke up with my heart racing so fast like my heart was going to jump out of my chest.

9:15 PM
Blogger Chad CAC said...

I have been running 8 to 10 milles a week for 15 years. I play ice hockey 2 times a week. Over the last year I have noticed increasing feeling of light headedness, pain between my shoulder blades, and often feelings of spams or shocks accross my chest that take my breath away. I have had stress test with eco cardio, a chest cat scan, ekg's all normal. Doctor say is esophgas spasma and relux. I dont believe him. This does not feel like reflux. I am 37 years old

3:05 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

I have been having shortness of breath that gets worse after I eat. I have moderate asthma, but is that normal to have the problem get worse after eating?

11:34 PM
Anonymous minnie said...

No idea what happened. Earlier had pain in my chest, took 2 rolaids, sat on the ground straight uo with my hands in the air. After 5 minutes or less, I was fine. A couple hours later, same things only the rolaids did'nt work, or the hands in the air. I could'nt breath well either. This time it was 30 to 40 minutes before I am fine. I am a 41 year old female. Any clue to what just happened to me?

11:47 PM
Anonymous Bobby said...

I have the same question as Duke,,,Is not being able to catch your breath the same as shortness of breath??? My Dr. has changed my blood pressure medicine to hydralizine and Avalide, and it helps my blood pressure but at work I'm trying to yawn so I can catch my breath... Do you have any suggestions?? Is this called Dysnpea or something like that????

11:20 AM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

A couple of months ago, I started getting shortness of breath and a tightness in my chest when I did anything physical. I wake up each morning and it feels like a elephant is sitting on my chest. I used to be fairly active. Now I can't even walk to the store two blocks away. I've had a heart stress test, a chest x-ray, labs done, EKG, but everything has come back normal except for the EKG, which has always been abnormal.My doctor said that it was stress, but I don't believe him.
So my doctor sent me to a lung specialist this week. After some breathing tests and checking the oxygen content in my blood, the doctor said he didn't think it was something serious, but couldn't rule out a possible blood clot in my lung. I'm having another test and a CT next week. This freaks me out some days.

6:33 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

I have shortness of breath about 2 years ago and my doctor said it could be the apnea problem, can anyone tell me is it true or not?

10:41 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

My heart hurts very bad right now. I'm only 22 and this is not the first time this has happened. It stops me right in my tracks. I will see a Doctor next week, but until then I will read on.

8:37 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

I keep feeling like I have excessive air in my chest, no pain, but the feeling I need to burp all the time. Any suggestions what the problem could be??

5:28 PM
Anonymous Tommy said...

I am a 46 year old male. I noticed about 5 months ago that I seemed to get winded easily after exertion. It has now gotten to the point that I become short of breath after very simple exertion, such as taking a shower and drying off.

I have a history of Beurgers Disease. I smoked until about 4 months ago. I follow-up with my primary care every six months, and have since the DX of the Beugers Disease in 1996. He does routine lipid profiles and CBC's, all of which are well within normal ranges. I have normal blood pressure.

I worked out five days a week for about 3 1/2 years, and stopped about 8 months ago.

I thought at first that the SOB was because I had stopped working out, however, the SOB has progressively gotten worse.

I recently also have had a couple of episodes of dizziness.

My primary care referred me to a cardiologist. I had an echocardiogram and nuclear stress test and both results were good. He ordered a chest CT with contrast to rule out a pulmonary embolus and also pulmonary function tests. Those results were normal as well.
My resting heart rate is anywhere from upper 80's to 110 BPM. I have premature ventricular contractions, which I notice more at night.

My primary care physician doesn't seem too concerned about the SOB, but it is affecting my activities of daily living, I can't clean the kitchen without having to sit down and take a break.

Also, I got a severe headache about two days ago. I never get a headache. I could feel my pulse throbbing in my temples and while lying down my heart rate was elevated to between 115 to 125 BPM (I know the rate because I put on my heart rate monitor that I wear when working out).

Any thoughts what could be causing the SOB??

I have been very healthy until now and have not had any health issue aside from the Beurger's.

11:13 PM
Blogger WebMD Blog Admin said...

tommy,

To post questions about your specific condition, please visit Laurie's message board.

Thank you!

3:56 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

I have shortness of breath and pain in my chest on the right side/center. Has been going on for months. I have mild COPD only 2% below the average. The shortness of breath is constant and regardless of activity. I just feel like I can't get enough air and inhalers do not help.

2:48 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

im 20 years old and i have shortness of breathe and feel like i cant catch it? is that just my anxiety or panic attacks or should i go get looked at more?

1:46 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

im 20 years old and i have shortness of breathe and feel like i cant catch it? is that just my anxiety or panic attacks or should i go get looked at more?

1:46 PM
OpenID blcwilliams9 said...

I AM 20 AND I USED TO WEIGH ABOUT 130 I WEIGH 170 NOW SINCE I HAD A BABY AND IM 5'2". I WANTED TO START WORKING OUT TO LOOSE THIS BABY WEIGHT BUT I AM WORRIED THAT IF I DO I MAY PASS OUT. MY HR HAS ALWAYS BEEN HIGHER THAN NORMAL AROUND 90-95 BUT LATELY I HAVE HAD A RESTING HR AT 115-125. I AM AFRAID THAT MY HEART WILL NOT BE ABLE TO FUNCTION IF IT GOES ANY HIGHER. DO YOU HAVE ANY ADVISE?

2:29 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

it's very depressing how most doctors seem to virtually nothing for people. Time and again in my own experience as well as reading others' online, doctors sound incredibly out of it. Do they care any more than the guy at kinko's cares about his job? HMO's especially seem to unite people with these hacks. How much money and time i've spent yet get more info in ten minutes of online research.

11:24 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

2 years ago, I had shortness of breath, but the doctor said it was pregnancy, I was close to my due date
and the baby was on my lungs, 2 days after I was realeased from the hospital with my beautiful daughter, I was back in the emergency room. I had pulmonary edema and had congestive heart failure. I have peripartum cardio myopathy, I was 21,
No matter what age, you should know the warning signs

1:23 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

2 years ago, I had shortness of breath, but the doctor said it was pregnancy, I was close to my due date
and the baby was on my lungs, 2 days after I was released from the hospital with my beautiful daughter, I was back in the emergency room. I had pulmonary edema and had congestive heart failure. I have peripartum cardio myopathy, I was 21,
No matter what age, you should know the warning signs

1:23 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Lulu - Have a sleep study done. Apnea.

8:26 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

During and after the cruise to Alaska, I had a very bad shortness of breath, dizziness, jaw numbness, loss of hearing in my left ear, normal blood pressure (130/80). With these symptoms, I went to my physician and asked him to help me.
He took the blood pressure and temperature, checked my pulse and my hearing by standing behind me and whispering my name. I passed the "thorough exam". The "verdict" was -- all the problems are in your "head only"; you're healthy. Recommendation: relax and avoid anxiety. Six weeks after the visit, I had a heart attack that followed with the 2 stents placed. The cardiologist identified the condition as "widow-maker". Today, I still have shortness of breath, rapid pulse(120-130);
occasionally high blood pressure (take medications for that). The same physician believes that I am in no danger. Is it really so, or should I wait for another heart attack to prove my point?

6:29 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

I have been having shortness of air for almost a year now. It happened all of a sudden and has now gradually gotten worse. I can't even walk up or down 8 stairs without being able to breath. I used to be able to walk 1 mile just fine. I have had allergy test,PFT test, CT's of the chest. I was breathing better than I am now when I was 9 months pregnant with my daughter. I am on blood pressure medicine which has normalized my bp. They have ruled out pulmonary embolous. Thank you for your help

10:21 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

In early January, I woke up in the middle of the night with shortness of breath, dizziness, nausea and pain in my chest so thought I was having a heart attack and went to the ED via ambulance (never drive yourself). They did an EKG, X-Ray, blood tests--no indications of a heart attack but they referred me to a cardiologist. I went the next day and had a stress echo test done and it was normal. I also had blood work done for the Berkely Heart Lab test. This tests the size of your LDL particles. Mine are small which is supposed to be bad. It also tests for a number of other things, like C-Reactive protein. My triglycerides were high and Insulin high and something called Fibrinogen was elevated. My doctor prescribed these Omega-3 fatty acid pills to help with trigclycerides. But then I read that fish oil may have a bad affect, so I need to ask my doctor about this. The Berkley test isn't a well known test and my insurance company paid for part but not all the tests. I am going to appeal as I think it's a good test and had indicators of what you might have leading to heart disease. Also, after all that I just started to experience heart palpitations and extreme sweatiness at night. I also have had this forboding sense of doom about me and I can't explain it. I am going to have a nuclear stress test next week and maybe a CT calcium scoring test done. It is a process but I know something is wrong, even if the tests don't indicate it. We know our bodies best. I read a lot of the blogs of people who are in the same boat, they know something is not right. I'd encourage you to keep pushing forward, take control, ask your doctor to keep pushing and to find out what the issue is, it has to be something.--Good luck, wish me luck too

12:23 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

I had " triple by-pass surgery" because during my walks I developed "shortness of breath". However it has been six months and I find that I still have shortness of brath.

9:31 PM
Blogger Vickie said...

Three weeks ago I was at work and walked outside to the mail box. I shortness of breath and I had to go home. I stayed home the rest of the week and seen my doctor. He has run alot of test on me. I wont know the results until 3/19/2008.
I have COPD and 1 lung.I have not been able to breath right since.I cant walk acroos the room without being out of breath. I', tired all the time too. All I want to do is sleep. Can you help me.Thank You

12:35 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

I am concerned for my wifes health, she has an elevated heart rate. the doctor said that it was due to stress. I'm not comfortable with that answer. this article speaks of one of her symptoms. I think we may need to get a second opinion. she is only 37

2:16 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

I can't walk up a small flight of stairs with out getting shortness of breath, I will also break out into a cold sweat. I get some chest pains that move to my arms I went to a cardiologist he wants me on Nitrogylcerin and some kind of blood pressure medicine. I want to be able to control it with diet and exercise not MEDICINE. Any advise would be great

Jeff

10:21 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

after continued angina, my cardio dr did a cath and it was normal, they did a chem stress test and it took over a min. to get me breathing again, but it was normal been fighting sob since my heart attack 2006, had echo normal halter monitor showed some bradycardia other wise ok, until 3 weeks ago i haf a massive MI had 100 percent blockages in both lower chambers of my heart and something chew up the end of one of the 5 stents i had, interesting thing i was okayed for a MRI of my hands I was in the machine 5 and a half hours, could this be what chewed it up? my sob is even worse now, i see my cardiologist in 2 weeks. The dr at texsan heart inst in sa, said lifeline saved my life, to which i am much greatful for, but when i asked about all the test being normal he informed me in 6 weeks or less you can blow a full 100% blockage so beware, get to the er asap who cares if it isnt your heart, but it could and you may just save yourself.

3:17 AM
Anonymous E.L. said...

I have had shortness of breath for more than a year. I am 22 years old. I was at a doctor's appointment for shortness of breath and my doctor decided to do an EKG. Turns out my heart was skipping beats and she sent me directly to the emergency room. Chest x-ray, MRI, heart sonogram, blood tests, urine test, just about everything was done and they found nothing. They said nothing was physically wrong with me and said it was just anxiety. I don't believe that. I still have shortness of breath, chest pain and my heart still skips beats. Can anyone tell me what this is?

4:54 PM
Blogger Belle said...

I am 24, weight 119. I have been experiencing chest pain, shortness of breath, headaches, rapid heart beats, dizziness, and jaw stiffness. I have been to the ER several times, I have had all kind of blood test & CT scans, I have seen three different doctors & neurologist, and I have been told that it's all in my head. The doctor's insist that I have anxiety and that I am healthy. I know my body and know that something is not right. How many more doctor's must I see to get some help!!! please help

9:00 PM
Anonymous Meg said...

Wow. I have had similar problems with shortness of breath, racing heartbeat, heart skipping beats or having extra beats, getting very dizzy, numbness in my appendages...and I used to go to the ER a few times a month because I got so scared. I'd wake up in the AM, not even out of bed yet, but my heart would be racing faster than I could count. They always told me the same thing: ANXIETY ATTACKS. How? I wasn't anxious about anything...I'm a very laidback, worry-free person. I don't get it.

2:47 AM
Anonymous katheryn said...

several months ago i started have periods of shortness of breath that came out of no where, I wasn't even doing anything. They would last for a few seconds and were gone. this would happen several times a day on and off and then not for a couple of days then would start again, i wasn't doing any kind of activity. i am now 50 years old and weigh around 160 pounds so I am not excessively overweight. I have a very difficlt time losing weight. I too have has times when my heart flutters, this started around 4 years ago, but seems to worsen when it is time for my menstral cycle. I have also had sever bouts of breathlessness, a couple of weeks ago that lasted a few seconds. I can walk around the yard and not even get out of breath, then later I can just be sitting and it comes out of nowhere. My heartrate runs at 680 to 88 beats per minute. My glucose level is excellent, and my cholesterol falls in the normal range. Do I have heart disease, is this stress symptoms or can this be some kind of hormonal cause due to menopause and perimenopause...Help me Please!

9:49 AM
Anonymous katheryn said...

several months ago i started have periods of shortness of breath that came out of no where, I wasn't even doing anything. They would last for a few seconds and were gone. this would happen several times a day on and off and then not for a couple of days then would start again, i wasn't doing any kind of activity. i am now 50 years old and weigh around 160 pounds so I am not excessively overweight. I have a very difficlt time losing weight. I too have has times when my heart flutters, this started around 4 years ago, but seems to worsen when it is time for my menstral cycle. I have also had sever bouts of breathlessness, a couple of weeks ago that lasted a few seconds. I can walk around the yard and not even get out of breath, then later I can just be sitting and it comes out of nowhere. My heartrate runs at 80 to 88 beats per minute. My glucose level is excellent, and my cholesterol falls in the normal range. Do I have heart disease, is this stress symptoms or can this be some kind of hormonal cause due to menopause and perimenopause...Help me Please! Sorry i had to post twice, i had made a mistake on my heartrate, it sure isn't tjat high...lol

9:54 AM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

katheryn, as you've described it, it sounds like that could easily just be stress. Stress alone can cause shortness of breath.

However, if in doubt go see a doctor. It'll be a big relief if you prove to yourself there's nothing wrong.

9:04 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

It's often very difficult to differentiate between anxiety/panic and a real problem.

Go see your doctor and get thoroughly tested. If all tests come back normal then it's probably anxiety.

When I went through a very anxious period my heart rate remained between 80-100, now that I'm in a more calm state my resting heart rate is between 50-70.

Anxiety/panic can also cause shortness of breath through two means:
1. Hyperventilation
2. Tightening abdominal/chest muscles will make you feel short of breath even though you are not.

Still, see your doctor first, ALWAYS.

9:06 PM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

I have been experiencing some similar things my heart starts to race while I am doing nothing but standing still once it happened while I was standing washing dishes and most recently yesterday I was at the store printing pictures and my heart started racing and i was short of breath. I felt light headed it really scared me i thought I was going to pass out in the store. I have had an EKG but it looked fine. I am 31 years old but this really scares me. There is a history of palpitations in my family.

11:03 AM
Blogger Maria said...

I am actually going for a thallium stress test tomorrow. I am overweight but all of my vitals/blood work is in normal ranges (so I guess if I wasn't obese, I'd be even better?). Anyway, I am getting shortness of breath and not always when I exert myself. I had a pain (7 out of 10) about 1 week ago in my chest and side that scared the daylights out of me. My concern is that they'll tell me it's nothing b/c my bloodwork came back perfect

11:14 AM
Anonymous Anonymous said...

hi im dan i have pvc,s heart disease and take medicine it,s 85% taken care of and im kind of mad because when i first was diagnosed in the hospital they said oh no big deal just deal with it live with it i was scared to death it took my primary dr to get it under control the emergeny room dr should of taken care of it they didnt give a squat about me at all just get him out of here i felt it was horrible

Sunday, July 6, 2008

你也能做"校内网"UCenter Home试用 - 软件频道 | IT168

  【IT168 软件试用】Facebook 入华传闻不断,Myspace中国起名“聚友”,校内网进军白领……社交网站无疑是今年一道靓丽的风景,同时也暗含着一场激烈的角逐。去年一年中,国内的 无数SNS网站相继上线,51.com、海内、蚂蚁网等其中不乏高手,连以出品知名社区论坛软件Discuz!著称的康盛创想(Comsenz)也在4月 的站长年会上强力推出了SNS软件——UCenter Home,通过UCenter Home任何人都可以无门槛的搭建类似于Facebook、海内、校内的SNS网站。此举动无疑加速了国内SNS网站的发展和竞争。

  校内、海内以及康盛创想的UCenter Home都是模仿Facebook开发的,但是都在细节方面更加中国化。校内、海内以及康盛创想的UCenter Home页面风格很相似,功能也大致相同。那校内和UCenter Home又有什么异同吗,笔者做了一个对比~

  一、整体对比

  校内属于千橡互动旗下,校内网大约有1000万注册用户,是中国颇具影响力的SNS网站,在大学生用户中拥有领先地位,并已经开放白领和高中网络。如果能成功开拓白领市场,校内网发展潜力巨大。

  UCenter Home是康盛创想开发的一个建设网站软件,用它可以建立一个与校内类似的网站。特点是完全免费,适应中国的网站市场,2008年4月21 日正式发布,UCenter Home已经成为互联网经营者最可靠的面向SNS应用的技术解决方案。据不完全统计,在发布后短短的7天内内已经有4000多个站长成功使用它搭建了类似 校内为基础的互联网社交网络,并且使用UCenter Home的终端网民用户总数已经高达200万之多。

  点评:前者是运营类网站,后者是独立建站程序,校内和UCenter Home都可以为用户提供免费的SNS服务,不同的是校内只是以网站注册的形式向用户提供免费的个人关系服务,而UCenter Home则为广大站长提供了一个建站工具,让任何人都可以轻松搭建校内一样的SNS站点。

  二、功能对比

  校内网有日志、相册、群组、分享、集市、电影、班级、论坛、礼物等功能。特点是相册支持批量上传,集市也是08年初才推出,一眼看上去就是一个 二手交易市场,分类设置也比较简单,但是大体能够满足一般用户的需求。除了物品交易之外,还设置了工作、房屋,一个比较简单的分类信息系统应该包括的信息 都包括了。

校内首页

  UCenter Home有迷你博客、日志、相册、选吧、分享、论坛、视频等功能。校内有的功能基本都有了,相册同样支持批量上传,选吧代替了群组。没有电影、礼品、集市等相对花哨的功能。

UCenter Home首页

  点评:校内网礼品这个功能比较实用,第一能提高用户的交流,情感,赠送礼品增进友谊;第二能提高网站的活跃度。而UCenter Home则少了一些花哨的功能,不过这个不是问题,因为UCenter Home最大的特点就是通用类建站软件,通用性和修改自由度都比较高。并且这个产品刚刚发布1.0版本,相信在下一个版本会更加完美。也更加符合国内 SNS用户的需求!

  三、个人页面

  作为社交网站的重要组成部分,个人页面是网友用来展示自己的重要途径。

校内个人空间

  

UCenter Home个人空间

  点评:

  校内和UCenter Home的个人主页功能基本是一样的,不同的是UCenter Home在个人主页上有更多的人性化选项,比如最近的访客,访问次数等。并且UCenter Home比校内更考虑用户的需求,在隐私和筛选方面提供了多种设置,另外还为用户提供了多种模板,让个人主页更加绚丽多彩。不知道在校内在改版之后的更新 中是否会添加这些部分内容呢。

  总结:

  UCenter Home的确能搭建与校内类似的网站,在技术方面确实能够与校内媲美,甚至某些技术超过校内,但具体运营是否成功,那就要看资源配置以及团队运营经验了。相信凭借UCenter Home这款产品,千千万万个“校内”站起来已经指日可待了!

Saturday, July 5, 2008

健康之路·感冒也伤心

背景资料
张宜明 主任医师,解放军总医院第一附属医院心胸外科副主任,从事胸心血管外科工作26年,完成心血管外科手术1200余例,风湿性心脏瓣膜病换瓣手术450例,在国内军内杂志发表专业论文20余篇,获医疗成果奖多项。
夏云峰 主任医师,研究生导师,解放军总医院第一附属医院干部病房主任,从事心脏病专业22年,擅长治疗冠心病、瓣膜病等心血管疾病,在国内外医学核心期刊发表论文70余篇,获军队科技进步奖,军队医疗成果奖等奖励多项。

2007年11月的一天,解放军304医院来了一位特殊的病人---胸部X线检查显示,病人心脏竟如柚子般大小。她得的到底是什么病?她的病和感冒有着什么样的联系?

问 患者的心脏像柚子一样大,这种情况是不是很严重?

答 是的,正常人的心脏和自己的拳头差不多大,但是这个病人的心脏跟柚子一样大,已经是正常心脏的好几倍,因此我们判断她的心脏肯定是由于某种疾病引起的增大,而且到了比较严重的阶段。

问 心脏变大会给身体带来什么影响?

答 当心脏出现病变时,心脏会增加收缩力,增快心率进行代偿,但是代偿是有一定限度的,如果是心肌过度拉长,过度疲劳,回缩率就会减小,就是心脏过度增大,这时心肌收缩率要减弱。

问 心脏变这么大,直接带来的后果是什么?

答 直接带来的后果是心力衰竭,最严重时可以导致死亡。

问 这个病人还有哪些症状?

答 当时病人由两个家属搀扶着到我们医院,病人面色、口唇青紫,表情非常痛苦,而且弯着腰,走路非常费劲,我们当时心里也很惊讶,赶紧让两个护士扶着去病房, 本来想让她躺一下休息,结果病人躺不平,只能坐在床上给她吸氧,这种情况表明病人心功能比较差。后来了解病史,她最近一年没有躺下睡过觉,一直是坐着,而 且呼吸很困难,这样的话可想而知她的生活质量是非常差的。做初步查体时时发现心尖部可以听到隆隆的杂音,因此判断病人是比较典型的风湿性心脏病。

提起感冒,几乎每个人都得过,但对于39岁的许春玲来说,感冒却跟她如影随形。从18岁开始,感冒就三天两头的光顾一回,仗着自己年轻,许春玲也没把它看 成个事儿,有个咳嗽发烧的,扛扛也就过去了。2005年刚一入冬,许春玲又感冒了,而这一次的感冒似乎与以往有些不同。这一次除了感冒会不会是又添了别的 毛病,许春玲不敢多想,在家人的陪同下,她来到了离家不远的县医院。医院检查心脏有问题,这个答案让许春玲一家觉得很意外,他们怎么也想不明白,一个小小 的感冒为何会伤害到心脏呢。

问 为什么小小的感冒会伤害到心脏?

答 很多心脏病跟感冒有关系,感冒可能是一个原因,老百姓说的感冒是大范围,可能是病毒感冒,也可能是细菌感染引起的感冒症状,发烧、咳嗽等,不同原因引起的 感冒引起的心脏的病也不同,比如病毒感染会导致心肌损害,引发病毒性心肌炎;今天这个病人是风湿性心脏病,这是合并链球菌感染后引起的一系列免疫反应,造 成整个心脏的炎症。

问 风湿性心脏病主要损害的是心脏什么地方?

答 心脏有左心房左心室,右心房右心室,在左心房和左心室之间有一个瓣膜叫二尖瓣,右心房和右心室之间叫三尖瓣,另外还有两个瓣膜,风湿性病最常侵犯的是二尖瓣,大概70%风湿性病人首先是侵犯到二尖瓣。

问 病毒对二尖瓣损害会有什么表现?

答 二尖瓣受到损害后病变有两种,第一是二尖瓣狭窄,第二是关闭不全,还有二尖瓣狭窄和关闭不全混合型。刚才你提到病毒对二尖瓣的损害,这个概念不是很确切, 确切的是病毒引起感冒,感冒合并上呼吸道的细菌感染,比如咽炎、扁桃腺炎、溶血型链球菌感染,链球菌感染后引起体内的变态反应损害心脏瓣膜。

问 二尖瓣在心脏里起什么作用?

答 二尖瓣是左心房和左心室之间的一个门,心脏的血液从左心房流入左心室再排到左动脉,是向一个方向流动,二尖瓣的作用是当左心室收缩将血液排到主动脉时,二尖瓣关闭不让左心室的血液回流到左心房。

问 二尖瓣的不正常工作表现到患者身上是什么症状?

答 由于瓣膜狭窄,左心房的血液不能充分的流入左心室,正常心跳平均每分钟60多到100次,每一次的心跳周期都有一部分血不能完全排到左心室,时间一长左心 房里堆积的血越来越多,左心房的压力越来越高,左心房越来越大,牵扯到一系列的其它功能,导致呼吸困难,不能躺平,劳动能力下降等等。

一个看似不起眼的小感冒竟然伤到了心脏,这个结果让许春玲一家觉得有些恐慌。为了治好她的病,一家人省吃俭用倾其所有。中药、西药、偏方、秘方,方面想 尽,而许春玲的病却一天一个样的严重起来。2006年12月,许春玲双腿开始浮肿;2007年6月,许春玲多次便血;2007年7月,肝腹水。许春玲坐在 床上已经有五个多月了,从出现腹水开始她就没有下过床,更是没有躺下睡过一个安稳觉,每一个夜晚的来临,对于许春玲来说都如同一个恶梦的开始。

问 为什么引起心脏病之后,又出现了严重的浮肿和腹水情况?

答 心衰分左心衰和右心衰,左心衰的症状是呼吸困难,像许春玲躺不下,躺下就憋气,这是典型的心衰表现。右心衰的表现是肝大、浮肿还有腹水,许春玲到医院就诊时,肝大、腹水、浮肿都有,而且右心衰说明二尖瓣狭窄已经到了比较晚期的阶段。

问 为什么会出现浮肿和腹水?

答 是因为二尖瓣狭窄导致的右心室扩大,右心室扩大后,右心室的收缩舒张功能都受影响,右心的排血量还有右心房的回血量都减少,人体静脉血都要回流到右心房, 由于这部分功能下降,外周血回流困难,这时间静脉压力升高,使得一部分血液容易渗出,肝脏也就出现血液堆积,日久天长,下肢就会出现水肿。

问 许春玲多年一直在吃药,吃药不能缓解她的情况吗?

答 药物对风心病不能说一点效果没有,在早期比较轻微时,用药有两个作用,一是可以缓解症状,减轻早期症状,可以得到暂时缓解;二是每一次发作可能都有一个诱 因,比如感冒,用青霉素类药物,可以预防再次感冒引起瓣膜的损伤,可能有一定的预防作用,但是许春玲的病情已经很严重,二尖瓣狭窄的程度相当重,这时光靠 药物解决不了问题。

问 那就只能做手术了,手术应该怎样做?

答 二尖瓣狭窄到一定程度药物治疗效果非常不好,唯一有效而且彻底治疗的方法就是手术,把病变的二尖瓣换掉。术中需要全身麻醉,运用体外循环机,在心脏停跳的情况下做手术。

问 手术主要解决什么问题?

答 打开心脏先找到二尖瓣的病变,探察清楚确定病变确实不能修复,给她换一个金属的机械瓣,二尖瓣置换的方法是把原来病变的二尖瓣切掉,换上人工机械瓣膜,用一根线连续缝合,把瓣膜固定在二尖瓣原来残留的瓣环上。

问 许春玲在2007年的12月10号做的手术,手术非常成功,术后还会面临问题吗?

答 像许春玲这么重的病人,手术风险有两方面,一方面是麻醉还有手术完了心脏能不能复跳,说白了就是能不能下手术台;第二方面是术后危险期各个脏器功能的恢 复,这是两个难点。我们在术前制定了详细预案,做了充分的准备,重症的病人要采取特殊措施,包括心肌保护,包括手术后的一些措施。

问 北京的王女士问,我得风心病16年,现在主动脉和二尖瓣都有狭窄,每天都靠吃药维持,请问做瓣膜手术的话,换机械瓣能维持多少年?

答 现在人工心脏瓣膜最近十年技术有明显的提高,寿命大概是20到30年。

问 河南的张女士问,我有风湿性心脏病,最近经常咳嗽、有痰、腿麻、声音嘶哑。这些症状是不是代表病情加重?

答 咳嗽有痰可能有两方面原因,往往心衰的病人早期咳嗽有痰,第二个可能合并肺部感染,另外声音嘶哑需要注意,这个往往被人忽略,其实风心病在左心房扩大很厉害时还有肺静脉压力很高,这时很容易压迫到左侧的喉反神经,导致声音嘶哑。

问 风湿性心脏病早期的症状是什么?

答 早期症状可能就是心慌气短,在活动或者劳动时,感觉跟正常人比可能差一些,老觉得没有力气。

问 四川的刘女士问,我在6年前得了类风湿性关节炎,平时总爱感冒,最近体检说我患有风心病,可我没有任何症状。我该怎么办呢?需要做手术吗?

答 刚才她谈到的类风湿性关节炎和风湿性关节炎还不一样,风湿性心脏病和风湿性关节炎有关系,当链球菌感染引起风湿热,侵犯心脏的同时还损害关节,它是风湿热 引起的两个结果,当然风湿性关节炎比较好治,治好以后也不留后遗症,但是风湿性心脏病的风湿热反复发作,瓣膜病变反复加重,最后留下严重的后果就是狭窄, 当然什么时机需要手术,还要根据检查结果判断,手术的适应症初步有几点,第一病人有症状,在活动时心慌气短;第二心脏增大,做超声显示心脏增大;第三超声 显示瓣膜的狭窄在中度以上,心功能有损害;第四是病人可能有左房血栓脱落引起的栓塞,这种情况下也应该及时做手术。

问 没想到小小的感冒能导致心脏的损害,平时该怎么做,才能不让心脏受到任何的伤害?

答 感冒对心脏会造成某些损害,但是并不是每一次感冒肯定会损害到心脏,所以大家也没必要紧张。另外平时还是要增强体质,因为感冒得不得跟抵抗力有关系,要注 意生活规律,多喝水、多锻炼身体;第三点一旦得了要及时就医,有的可能通过自身的抵抗力扛过去,但是有一部分人就是因为自己顶着,最后导致诱发其他病情, 所以一旦感冒要积极治疗,查清楚是什么原因,然后针对病菌用药。

问 四川的李先生问,我们村有好几个得风湿性心脏病的,多数都是女的。请问是女性更容易得这种病吗?

答 风湿性心脏病在年轻女性中发病率较高,大概男女比例是1:3,跟女性生理特点可能有一定的关系,因为它是免疫性疾病,不光是这个病,其他免疫系统疾病都是女性多于男性。

问 风湿性心脏病在地区分布上有没有特征?

答 一般好发于比较寒冷、潮湿的地区,像江南一带比较潮湿,发病率比较高。另外发病率跟生活条件也有关系,北方寒冷、潮湿,江南一带潮湿这是一方面,生活条件 艰苦,生活环境比较差的地区发病率比较高,临床上见到的病人绝大部分都是来自于农村,生活条件比较艰苦,营养状态差一些,卫生环境差一些,现在明显感到城 市里的风湿性心脏病已经非常少了,当然这和整体的医疗条件也有关系,像大城市医院也很多,看病都非常方便,经济条件都有医保,农民地区可能这方面条件差一 些。

问 北京的贺先生问,我30年前得的风心病,最近这几年总是在冬天发病,呼吸特别困难。想问问除了预防感冒外,平时还应该注意哪些问题?

答 如果比较明确诊断了有风湿性心脏病二尖瓣的病变,主要是限制体力活动,运动量太大肯定心脏负担要加重;第二要注意饮食,水摄入量不要太多;第三尽量少吃辛 辣食物,这些饮食刺激体内可能增加心脏的负担;然后高热量食物也尽量适当限制一下,因为这些进入体内代谢活跃可能也增加心脏的负担;第四个要注意起居环 境,通风、预防感冒、环境卫生,注意这些问题。这位贺先生提到,他每年冬天都要发作,有可能心脏瓣膜的病变已经到了比较重的程度,我建议还是到医院做详细 的辅助检查,比如彩色超声心电图,找心脏专科医生咨询。

问 湖南的李女士问,我有风心病,现在已经怀孕三个多月了,产科医生叫我随时注意检查,听说怀孕会让我的心脏情况比以前更严重,是这样吗?我这种情况需要终止妊娠吗?

答 很多女性的风心病都不知道,就是因为妊娠以后才发现自己有这个病,所以妊娠对风心病是有加重的,李女士已经妊娠三个月,需不需要终止妊娠,要看她的风心病 的瓣膜病变到什么程度,如果确实狭窄到中度以上,我觉得确实对母子构成很大的危险,所以有必要的话还是要终止妊娠。

咨询电话:010-66848361(心胸外科)
010-66867376、8387(干部病房)

Wednesday, July 2, 2008

大学生缘何成了中国网络色情犯罪的主力

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004年10月18日15:30 新周刊

中国的黄色网络有着令人尴尬的“中国特色”,欧美网络色情犯罪主要是为数不少的娈童癖将其当成交易场所,群体直指道德缺陷的人群。而中国的网络黄色的犯案群体集中于在校或刚毕业的大学生中,他们这样做的动因似乎很难简单地用道德缺失来解释。

"网上扫黄”不是一个什么新词,但从这个炎热的夏天开始这个词又开始热了起来。这至少与两件事情有关,今年6月,针对互联网上日渐泛滥的暴力、色情信息,公安部、信息

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产业部等部门,在各种相关法规并不健全完善的情况下,联合采取了一场大规模的行业整肃——很多人因此联想到了 21年前的那场意义深远的“严打”。但由于这次整肃是在一个特殊环境里进行的,因此,网络这一行业的内部环境治理问题也相应提到了一个非常迫切的日程上。与此相关的另一个消息是,9月,一个由具有浓郁电信背景的宽带娱乐网站21CN率先发起的,旨在净化“网络小环境”的清洁运动也随之开展起来。令人头疼的一些包括色情信息在内的难以界定性质的不良信息、给正常浏览网站带来极大干扰的大量网络广告等,均被列入围剿和扫荡的黑名单。

这看来都是些不错的好消息。但随着“网上扫黄”的深入,人们注意到了一个很难让人感到振奋的现象,那就是,在目前所破获的数十起重大的网络涉黄案中,涉案犯罪的大多是高校在读或刚走出校门的大学生。据悉,自该项行动开展以来,浙江各级检察机关批捕、起诉及法院审理的案件已有21起,其中80%以上的嫌犯均系大学毕业生或高校在读生。中国网络扫黄的这一初期结果,的确出乎所有人意料,到底是什么构成了中国网络色情的驱动力?

大学生制造中国网络色情?

8名被告刚被带进法庭,旁听席上便发生一阵小小的骚动:“怎么都是些孩子啊?”

10月3日,武汉最大的色情网站“武汉交友俱乐部”网络涉黄案,在武汉市洪山区人民法院进行了公开审理。案犯除了3名是上世纪70年代出生外,其余5名均为80年代出生的孩子,据法庭后来公布的消息,涉案犯罪嫌疑人平均年龄24岁,最大的32岁,最小的是一位18岁的在校大学生。令人诧异的是,案犯们平时都是通过网上QQ交流,彼此姓名都不清楚,对于其中的多数人来说,这次庭审也是他们的第一次见面。

当地媒体报道称,许多案犯曾是大学的高材生,案犯之一黄啸宇,案发前还曾是南京某著名高校计算机协会主席。这是一个看上去很阳光的男孩,眉宇间还不时露出灿烂的笑容;庭上辩论时,常常滔滔不绝地给法官们解释专业问题。现在他只能在监狱里度过他即将到来的21岁生日。这起全国首例利用境外服务器传播淫秽电子信息案的8名成员,分别被判处拘役4个月和1年零8个月等刑期。

在此之前,9月29日,厦门宣判了全国开展打击淫秽色情网站专项行动以来破获的第一起“黄网”案,这是厦门市第一起追究刑事责任的网上传播淫秽信息案,案犯是刚走出大学校门的邓一尘。而9月28日,杭州市中级法院宣判了一起传播淫秽物品牟利案,正在高校就读的大三学生谢某成为浙江自开展专项行动以来被判刑的第一人。

牛仔裤、条纹衬衣外加羊毛背心、板寸头,站在法庭上的黄啸宇依旧一副典型的校园时尚小男生打扮。案发前,黄曾用“虎精呵呵”的网名张贴大量含色情内容的帖子,其中包括图片196幅,视频链接32个,文章27篇,查看人数共计4700人次。而这一切,只因为“好玩”,因为“想拥有更高的级别,浏览更多的内容”,并且又可以挣到一点钱。办案检察官是个中年人,他不无惋惜地告诉记者,黄啸宇对自己非法链接淫秽色情网站的行为供认不讳,但是,他从没有想到违法,甚至庭审中,他还请求法官给予机会,以为审完了就可以回家。

由于精通计算机网络知识,两年前,黄啸宇通过网络结识了一名加拿大人,从此做起了中介,帮助其出卖网络虚拟空间。黄啸宇通过QQ与网友徐飞全结识后,将加拿大人手里的虚拟空间以每月50元的价格转手卖给徐100兆空间,并帮助其进行网络维护。今年4月,徐飞全的网站重建时,黄啸宇发现上面有淫秽信息,当时“愣了一下”,但没有太在意。不久发现实际上这个网站就是色情网站,这才开始着急了,立即与加拿大人联系,得到答复“在美国这是合法的”,考虑到国内不少网站为提高访问量都有类似行为,自己就没有坚持要求将这一网站关闭。8月16日,黄在招商银行取出了最后50元的“中介费”,至此,他一共从中获得200元人民币。为此,他付出的是4个月拘役的代价。

刚被厦门法院判刑的邓一尘,今年7月初刚刚毕业于某大学计算机及应用专业。5月,他从学校回家复习公务员考试期间,以每年1500元的价格向某空间商租用了1.5G虚拟空间,并以140元购买了 www.girlfriend.com.cn的域名。为了“学到更多制作网站的方法”,6月28日,邓一尘从该虚拟空间分离出100M,制作了“女朋友娱乐城”网站;此后,为了吸引网民访问他的网站,他分别以“admin”、“boy”的名字在网站上发布一些色情图片、小说、电影。这个网站“经营”不到15天便“寿终正寝”。2004年7月13日,公安机关根据线索在漳州平和将邓一尘抓获归案。经鉴定,“女朋友娱乐城”网站共提供了淫秽图片38张、小说51篇、视频文件66个;截至7月13日,这些淫秽电子信息实际被点击数达25180人次,注册会员则达731个。

和黄啸宇单纯地觉得“发布黄色信息只是网络为提高访问量所采用的常规手段,不是什么大问题”这一幼稚想法一样,邓一尘的想法也“很简单”:“我的网站不以赢利为目的。只是觉得好玩,寻求刺激,网站人气高有一种成就感。我想全世界网络爱好者建网站都是这么想的。”不过,不可否认的是,网站的建立使他获得一定的经济收入,而这对刚踏出校门的大学生无疑有着一定的吸引力。

在邓一尘这个案子破获不久,厦门一名19岁女大学生洪某自刻“黄碟”网上叫卖也被抓获。洪某是某大学外语系02级学生,因家中贫困,从去年起她就“很争气”地没有再向家里伸手要钱,她要“自己想办法谋生”。为此她经常旷课。起初,她刻录一些卡通光盘出售,后来很多人提议她卖一些“刺激点的”,于是,她开始刻录黄色光盘。2003年1月,当她还是大一学生的时候,就在杭州某信息技术有限公司开办的“QQ驿站”上注册了一个网上商店,专门销售淫秽光碟、发布销售信息;同时,她还在网上征集“会员”,以“会员制”招徕“顾客”,造成了相当恶劣的影响。市公安局网安处经过一个多月的侦查,掌握了洪某的犯罪证据,在马巷派出所配合下突袭了她的住处,查获已刻好的淫秽光碟2470张、空白光碟270 张及大量作案工具。案发后,洪某被学校勒令退学。

在中国拥有相关技术又热切需要钱花的是大学生,而缺乏责任意识和法律观念的也是大学生,作为知识的拥有者他们拥有犯罪的能力,而中国大学的学费和国民收入在一定程度上的不成比例往往很容易使得大学生手头拮据、负担沉重,特别是贫困生和刚走出校园的学生,这就让他们有了利用自己所学专业技术犯罪的动机。

虚拟世界的突然获罪

“性总是最好的卖点。”美国在争论是否要禁止网络色情时,拉里·佛林特的哈斯特勒公司的公关部主管这样说。

还原到中国来看,全国网络色情的犯罪者大部分都是追求关注点,不同的是,有的把他换成钱,而黄啸宇、邓一尘们虽然不是直奔金钱而来,但在获得一种心理的满足的同时,获得额外收入无疑是最直接的推动力。黄是在毫无防备意识的情况下被背后那个来自加拿大的色情经济链推着走,而邓在面对网络时也根本没有“底线”概念,“我以为只是好玩而已”,好玩又可以顺带挣点钱,突破他的心理底线看似非常简单——很多其他网站都做了,而且网络是虚拟的,虚拟的网络需要负责任这是他所预想不到的。

专家指出,人最重要的活动平台是社会,社会是由一系列的责任构成严密的结构,而网络的出现使得人能够以另一个虚拟的身份活动,“谁也不知道你是一条狗”,恐怕就是网络这一特点的真实写照。网络心理学认为,网络上的人际沟通与现实的人际沟通相比有很大的差异,在网上,人们往往忽视地位、性别、外表、国籍、口音等所谓社会线索。由于社会线索的缺失,网络人际交往被称为“只爱陌生人”的交往,网络社会也成了陌生人社会,从心理学角度说,陌生社会往往使人容易放纵,而网络的速效便利,使得一些欲望原本只在想的范畴却轻而易举地冲动到网上,就像许多人日常生活中循规蹈矩,而在网络中随便“我亲了你一下”不觉得有什么不妥。香港大学一项调查发现,在169名使用ICQ的青少年受访者中,80%的人表示曾与ICQ异性朋友约会,当中10.8%的人曾与对方发生性行为。不能不说是个佐证。

正是因为网络所具有的高度虚拟化、模糊化特征对人的道德要求的弱化,也正因为网络自由容易引诱人的欲求,使不谙世事的黄啸宇们太过容易突破道德底线,这可能是网络最危险的地方了。不过,另外一个原因在于,中国网络的发展在初期过于强调的是其技术价值,而其道德及法律考究来得“太过突然”。事实上,扫黄以来媒体报道出来的大学生色情网络获罪案例中,许多大学生表示对整顿的严厉性并不知情。

“这次有点突然,或许先该教育,普及信息再动手抓人。”某位检查官解释了他觉得惋惜的原因。

在采访中,记者听到一种解释:大学生们是被推着走的,他们背后的推手就是一条无形的网络经济链条。的确,对于刚刚兴起的网络而言,色情无疑是其最大的卖点,而这一卖点背后就是巨大的商业利益。几乎所有黄色网站都是收费的,无论是交友俱乐部、观赏色情电影,还是在线“性交流”,都通过手机或特制的收费卡买“点”结算。各网站“点”的金额各有不同,运作模式也不尽相同。据业内人士推算,一个同时在线人数5000人的色情网站,每月收入至少有数十万元。

这些没有合法注册登记的色情网站,多数只申请一个域名,然后把网站或网页挂在别人的服务器上,有的隐身链接在门户网站上,通过贩卖广告和从事相关商业活动,这些个人网站高的月收入可达几十万元。而另一面,为了延伸产业链,相当一部分门户网站纷纷发展自己的网络或短信联盟,依靠这些中小网站,最大范围地推广自己的信息服务。这些门户网站按月与个人网站分成收益,比例从20%到60%不等。门户网站这样的行为必然助长色情网站的气焰,也难怪有人愤怒地说“中国几大门户网站,就是几大黄窝!”显然偏激的言辞,也从某个方面道出了一些无奈的事实。

据公安部最近公布的几个案例来看,中国的色情网络的参与者大都为利益所驱动,说到底,网络只是平台,动因却是利益——商业利益,大学生则充当了利益或者间接的受害者,尤其令人心寒的是,个别电信运营机构和金融单位为了自己发展业务,不仅对淫秽色情内容装聋作哑,不闻不问,有的反而为其提供结算上的方便,客观上充当了色情网站的帮凶与靠山,俨然是色情网站的“技术支持”。

不过,罪魁或许不仅仅是商业利益,有怎么样的卖点,就有怎么样的制造者和经营者,博客中国在打起反黄第一面旗时候出现的一名攻击者的留言耐人寻味:别以为你们能同全社会的黑社会作对。而相比之下,21CN则在其发动的网络速清运动中,强调了网站自身的“自律”与“规范”,尽管有人怀疑这种做法的有效性,但作为网络行业积极姿态的体现,无疑是一个好的开始。身为总裁,张颖对21CN作为一个宽带娱乐媒体和网络广告经营之间的关系有着自己的理解。他对记者说:“做娱乐网站并非一定要走色情线路,恰恰相反,清新健康的宽带娱乐给网民们带来的是更纯粹的快感,也使网络媒体更具有长久生命力。” 网站内容进行“视界净化”的同时,也对业务经营方面进行了“自清运动”,如重新审核了其宽带影视的内容、规范了业务项目、进一步杜绝外界通过其邮箱进行色情信息的传播以及利用垃圾邮件网络营销等。

危险的是色情,是网络,还是其他?

中国的网络扫黄运动序曲开始于2003年12月8日,那一天中国互联网协会成立了新闻信息服务工作委员会,展开在2004年6月10日,该委员会正式建立了“违法和不良信息举报中心”,该委员会成立以后,在社会上引起强烈反响。举报中心仅开通3天,访问量就达到400万次/天。通过举报所反映出来的问题十分严重,引起了中央领导的高度重视。随即,有14个部门参与的全国打击淫秽色情网站专项行动迅速展开。经核查,共整理出色情网站线索4031条,“违法和不良信息举报中心”受理举报线索49000多条。北京、河北、广东、四川等18个省市共破获淫秽色情网站刑事案件188起,抓获涉案犯罪嫌疑人329名,关闭淫秽色情网站近700个。

这场被相关媒体称之为“人民战争式的阶段性围剿”还在火速升级。先是最高人民法院、最高人民检察院联合出台《关于办理利用互联网、移动通讯终端、声讯台制作、复制、出版、贩卖、传播淫秽电子信息刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》,对以牟利为目的,利用互联网、手机、IVR语音信息平台进行制黄、贩黄的行为做出了明确的司法定义和相关处罚规定。该司法解释甚至直接规定,转发200条带有色情内容的信息最高可判3年刑期。

接下来的一些具体执行操作手法甚至已经发展到了可能引起争议的地步。9月初,在火车站入站口的行李安全检查旁,吉林通化警方增加了搜查个人携带的笔记本电脑这一项,凡是发现硬盘内有所谓色情图片的至少罚款2000元人民币。

这项被一些网民称之为“入门搜包查电脑”之举措,其法理依据据说来自中国公安部1997年12月30日颁布的“33号令”,即“计算机网络国际互联网安全管理保护办法”的第5条第6款。按照中国公安部制定的这一行政法规,查阅与制作、传播、复制色情网页是违法行为。

从目前制定的相关网络政策措施上看,我国把网络色情的目标定准黄色,并且着意强化了其道德属性。而正是这种“道德定位”指向,引起了不少民众甚至法律人士的质疑,有专家指出,我国现有的针对网络色情的相关管制条例,在很大程度上,打着的是道德旗帜进行清扫,立法在道德上,立案也在道德上。而事实却是,当法律试图去规范道德,往往显得力不从心。

在美国,人们常说的“你不能为道德立法”,恰恰是那些色情业经营者一个口头上的护身符。与中国的情况没什么不同的是,对美国政府而言,网络色情泛滥最大的受害者是青少年,所以必须加以管制。但是又不得因为保护青少年免于接触色情,而限制了成年人的言论和阅读自由,这才是让美国高等法院头疼的一件事情。因此才会有国会几次限制网络色情法案被否决的情况发生。此外,色情在美国法律中的定义至今也是暧昧不清。可能只有前高院大法官波特·斯图尔特的名言“吾见之吾知之”(I know it when I see it)最传神。关于色情对成年人和社会到底造成多少危害,也是未可知的事情——至少在取证上有很大的技术难度。

中国政法大学行政法研究所副所长何兵博士对记者表示,警方不应干预网民在家浏览黄色网站这一没有公共危害的行为。但对此持有不同看法的人士则认为,即使这一行为没有直接产生公共危害,但其所造成的不良间接影响也不容忽视。

中国网络色情问题,色情仅仅是个卖点,是个噱头,而网络也只是个平台,如果找不准真正问题的核心,眼下这场声势浩大的网上扫黄运动,总不免让人担心会不会像夜市看到的情景:城管车队浩浩荡荡而来,街头商贩仓皇逃窜,于是夜市冷冷清清;城管车队呼啸而去,街头商贩各回其位,于是夜市恢复热闹,生意依然红火。文/崇达