November 04, 2003
Apache的Mod_rewrite学习（五）
今天主要列出一些例子。由于有些例子是针对特殊路径或特别情况的，列出供大家在思路上参考。因为它们就是些例子。
目标
重写设置
说明
规范化URL
RewriteRule ^/~([^/]+)/?(.*) /u/$1/$2 [R]
将/~user重写为/u/user的形式
RewriteRule ^/([uge])/([^/]+)$ /$1/$2/ [R]
将/u/user末尾漏掉的/补上
规范化HostName
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^fully\.qualified\.domain\.name [NC]
域名不合格
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^$
不空
RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !^80$
不是80端口
RewriteRule ^/(.*) http://fully.qualified.domain.name:%{SERVER_PORT}/$1 [L,R]
重写
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^fully\.qualified\.domain\.name [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^$
RewriteRule ^/(.*) http://fully.qualified.domain.name/$1 [L,R]
URL根目录转移
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^/$ /e/www/ [R]
从/移到/e/www/
末尾目录补斜线
RewriteEngine on
（目录范围内）
RewriteBase /~quux/
RewriteRule ^foo$ foo/ [R]
/~quux/foo是一个目录，补/
RewriteEngine on
RewriteBase /~quux/
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -d
如果请文件名是个目录
RewriteRule ^(.+[^/])$ $1/ [R]
URL末尾不是斜线时补上
Web集群
RewriteEngine on
RewriteMap user-to-host txt:/path/to/map.user-to-host
用户－服务器映射
RewriteMap group-to-host txt:/path/to/map.group-to-host
组－服务器映射
RewriteMap entity-to-host txt:/path/to/map.entity-to-host
实体－服务器映射
RewriteRule ^/u/([^/]+)/?(.*) http://${user-to-host:$1|server0}/u/$1/$2
用户均衡
RewriteRule ^/g/([^/]+)/?(.*) http://${group-to-host:$1|server0}/g/$1/$2
组均衡
RewriteRule ^/e/([^/]+)/?(.*) http://${entity-to-host:$1|server0}/e/$1/$2
实体均衡
RewriteRule ^/([uge])/([^/]+)/?$ /$1/$2/.www/
RewriteRule ^/([uge])/([^/]+)/([^.]+.+) /$1/$2/.www/$3\
URL根目录搬迁
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^/~(.+) http://newserver/~$1 [R,L]
到其它服务器
所用户名首字母分
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^/~(([a-z])[a-z0-9]+)(.*) /home/$2/$1/.www$3
内一层括号为$2
NCSA imagemap移
RewriteEngine on
植为mod_imap
RewriteRule ^/cgi-bin/imagemap(.*) $1 [PT]
多目录查找资源
RewriteEngine on
# first try to find it in custom/...
RewriteCond /your/docroot/dir1/%{REQUEST_FILENAME} -f
RewriteRule ^(.+) /your/docroot/dir1/$1 [L]
# second try to find it in pub/...
RewriteCond /your/docroot/dir2/%{REQUEST_FILENAME} -f
RewriteRule ^(.+) /your/docroot/dir2/$1 [L]
# else go on for other Alias or ScriptAlias directives,
RewriteRule ^(.+) - [PT]
据URL设置环境变量
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^(.*)/S=([^/]+)/(.*) $1/$3 [E=STATUS:$2]
虚拟主机
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.[^.]+\.host\.com$
基于用户名
RewriteRule ^(.+) %{HTTP_HOST}$1 [C]
RewriteRule ^www\.([^.]+)\.host\.com(.*) /home/$1$2
内外人有别
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{REMOTE_HOST} !^.+\.ourdomain\.com$
基于远程主机
RewriteRule ^(/~.+) http://www.somewhere.com/$1 [R,L]
错误重定向
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond /your/docroot/%{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
不是regular文件
RewriteRule ^(.+) http://webserverB.dom/$1
程序处理特殊协议
RewriteRule ^xredirect:(.+) /path/to/nph-xredirect.cgi/$1 \
Xredirect协议
[T=application/x-httpd-cgi,L]
最近镜像下载
RewriteEngine on
RewriteMap multiplex txt:/path/to/map.cxan
顶级域名与最近ftp服务器映射
RewriteRule ^/CxAN/(.*) %{REMOTE_HOST}::$1 [C]
RewriteRule ^.+\.([a-zA-Z]+)::(.*)$ ${multiplex:$1|ftp.default.dom}$2 [R,L]
据顶级域名不同提供不同的FTP服务器
基于时间重写
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{TIME_HOUR}%{TIME_MIN} >0700
RewriteCond %{TIME_HOUR}%{TIME_MIN} <1900
RewriteRule ^foo\.html$ foo.day.html
白天为早晚7点间
RewriteRule ^foo\.html$ foo.night.html
其余为夜间
向前兼容扩展名
RewriteEngine on
RewriteBase /~quux/
# parse out basename, but remember the fact
RewriteRule ^(.*)\.html$ $1 [C,E=WasHTML:yes]
# rewrite to document.phtml if exists
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}.phtml -f
如果存在$1.phtml则重写
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1.phtml [S=1]
# else reverse the previous basename cutout
RewriteCond %{ENV:WasHTML} ^yes$
如果不存在$1.phtml，则保持不变
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1.html
文件改名（目录级）
RewriteEngine on
内部重写
RewriteBase /~quux/
RewriteRule ^foo\.html$ bar.html
RewriteEngine on
重定向由客户端再次提交
RewriteBase /~quux/
RewriteRule ^foo\.html$ bar.html [R]
据浏览器类型重写
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Mozilla/3.*
RewriteRule ^foo\.html$ foo.NS.html [L]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Lynx/.* [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Mozilla/[12].*
RewriteRule ^foo\.html$ foo.20.html [L]
RewriteRule ^foo\.html$ foo.32.html [L]
动态镜像远程资源
RewriteEngine on
RewriteBase /~quux/
RewriteRule ^hotsheet/(.*)$ http://www.tstimpreso.com/hotsheet/$1 [P]
利用了代理模块
RewriteEngine on
RewriteBase /~quux/
RewriteRule ^usa-news\.html$ http://www.quux-corp.com/news/index.html [P]
反向动态镜像
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond /mirror/of/remotesite/$1 -U
RewriteRule ^http://www\.remotesite\.com/(.*)$ /mirror/of/remotesite/$1
负载均衡
RewriteEngine on
利用代理实现round-robin效果
RewriteMap lb prg:/path/to/lb.pl
RewriteRule ^/(.+)$ ${lb:$1} [P,L]
#!/path/to/perl
$| = 1;
$name = "www"; # the hostname base
$first = 1; # the first server (not 0 here, because 0 is myself)
$last = 5; # the last server in the round-robin
$domain = "foo.dom"; # the domainname
$cnt = 0;
while (<STDIN>) {
$cnt = (($cnt+1) % ($last+1-$first));
$server = sprintf("%s%d.%s", $name, $cnt+$first, $domain);
print "http://$server/$_";
}
##EOF##
静态页面变脚本
RewriteEngine on
RewriteBase /~quux/
RewriteRule ^foo\.html$ foo.cgi [T=application/x-httpd-cgi]
阻击机器人
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^NameOfBadRobot.*
RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} ^123\.45\.67\.[8-9]$
RewriteRule ^/~quux/foo/arc/.+ - [F]
阻止盗连你的图片
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://www.quux-corp.de/~quux/.*$ [NC]
自己的连接可不能被阻止
RewriteRule .*\.gif$ - [F]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !.*/foo-with-gif\.html$
RewriteRule ^inlined-in-foo\.gif$ - [F]
拒绝某些主机访问
RewriteEngine on
RewriteMap hosts-deny txt:/path/to/hosts.deny
RewriteCond ${hosts-deny:%{REMOTE_HOST}|NOT-FOUND} !=NOT-FOUND [OR]
RewriteCond ${hosts-deny:%{REMOTE_ADDR}|NOT-FOUND} !=NOT-FOUND
RewriteRule ^/.* - [F]
用户授权
RewriteCond %{REMOTE_IDENT}@%{REMOTE_HOST} !^friend1@client1.quux-corp\.com$
RewriteCond %{REMOTE_IDENT}@%{REMOTE_HOST} !^friend2@client2.quux-corp\.com$
RewriteCond %{REMOTE_IDENT}@%{REMOTE_HOST} !^friend3@client3.quux-corp\.com$
RewriteRule ^/~quux/only-for-friends/ - [F]
外部重写程序模板
RewriteEngine on
RewriteMap quux-map prg:/path/to/map.quux.pl
RewriteRule ^/~quux/(.*)$ /~quux/${quux-map:$1}
#!/path/to/perl
$| = 1;
while (<>) {
s|^foo/|bar/|;
print $_;
}
搜索引擎友好
RewriteRule ^/products$ /content.php
RewriteRule ^/products/([0-9]+)$ /content.php?id=$1
RewriteRule ^/products/([0-9]+),([ad]*),([0-9]{0,3}),([0-9]*),([0-9]*$) /marso/content.php?id=$1&sort=$2&order=$3&start=$4
参考文献：
URL Rewriting Guide
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/misc/rewriteguide.html
mod_rewrite: A Beginner's Guide to URL Rewriting
http://www.sitepoint.com/article/910
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